Differences In Cost Accounting

The cost is generated by the production and operation activities of the enterprise, and is determined according to the matching principle and the income earned by the enterprise. Therefore, what kinds of business income will cost? There are many kinds of products and services needed in the society, so the contents of cost in different industries must be different. For example, manufacturing industry The cost is generally reflected in the consumption of raw materials, fuels and power, direct labor and welfare costs, manufacturing costs, and sales costs related to the production and operation of the products manufactured. Management expenses, financial expenses and related taxes and expenses; the cost of goods circulation industry is manifested in the cost of goods sold, and the operating expenses and related taxes, such as the consumption of materials, the labor cost paid, and the cost of tourism industry, mainly for the accommodation and food expenses paid by tourists. Fares, tour guide service fees, staff salaries and other related expenses.

It can be seen that the difference of cost and cost should be rooted in the management content of various industries, and it is the reaction of various industries' operating content and characteristics. Although the commonality of accounting determines that no matter which industry should use the same way to calculate the cost of carry over, the individuality of the management of each industry determines the different contents and relatively stable proportion of the cost. One of the main contents of enterprise management is to reduce costs. Therefore, only by carefully studying the performance and proportion of cost in different industries can we truly achieve the goal of financial management in enterprise management, or as the core content of enterprise management.

In terms of cost accounting methods, the cost accounting methods of industrial enterprises and service enterprises mainly include individual valuation method, variety method, batching method and step by step method. The cost accounting method of construction enterprises mainly adopts the project law. The cost accounting method of commercial enterprises is relatively special, and generally adopts the retail price law.

stay Cost carry over In terms of method, the cost transfer of industrial enterprises is to allocate their respective costs between products and finished products, so the cost transfer method includes excluding product cost, fixed calculation in product cost, and equivalent production method. The construction enterprise has no finished product before the project is completed, so the cost of the product is carried out according to the matching principle, and the cost is confirmed according to the percentage of completion percentage realized by the revenue.

China's " Accounting standards for enterprises -- "income", which gives a comprehensive and detailed stipulation on how to confirm and measure income in China's enterprises. After careful analysis of the contents of the guidelines, it is not difficult to see that the income in the guidelines involves more industries, which is a comprehensive reflection of accounting in various industries. For example, the revenue generated by the sale of commodities is mainly the manufacturing and commodity circulation industry; the income generated from the supply of labor services is mainly the service sector and the manufacturing sector (generally the other business income of the manufacturing industry); while the assets used by others can be related to the investment business of all enterprises and units, but mainly refers to the financial industry.

Further, the principle of revenue recognition varies according to different industries. It is obvious that the general manufacturing industry and commodity circulation industry should follow the accrual basis to confirm revenue. However, a large number of service enterprises can not follow this principle. They can only confirm the realization of income by cash basis. The percentage of completed construction is used to confirm the income of construction enterprises. The confirmation of completion degree includes input method, output method and technical measurement method.